instruct
/ɪnˈstrʌkt/
v.
一句话记住
指导;教授;命令;指示
释义与例句
v.
指导;教授
to teach someone a subject or skill
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She instructs students in English.
她教学生英语。
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He instructed beginners in the basics of swimming.
他向初学者教授游泳的基本要领。
展开其余 3 条例句
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The coach instructs young players every Saturday morning.
教练每周六上午指导年轻球员。
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She has instructed hundreds of students in first aid over the years.
多年来她教授了数百名学生急救知识。
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Who instructed you in the use of this software?
是谁教你使用这个软件的?
v.
命令;指示
to tell someone officially what to do
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The judge instructed the jury.
法官向陪审团作了指示。
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The officer instructed the driver to step out of the car.
警官命令司机下车。
展开其余 3 条例句
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We were instructed not to open the letter before Friday.
我们被告知在周五之前不要打开这封信。
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The manager instructed his staff to keep the records for five years.
经理指示员工把记录保存五年。
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Visitors are instructed to leave their bags at the desk.
参观者被要求把包寄存在服务台。
词源与构词
in-(在内)+ struere(搭),把知识一层层搭进学生头脑里就是“教授”;把要求搭进命令里就是“指示”。
in-
前缀 · in,在内
struct
词根 · to build,建造
记忆钩子
in(里)+ struct(搭):把知识搭进他脑子里,就是教。
词族与关联词
同根词(同一个词根长出来的词)
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construct 建造;修建They plan to construct a new bridge. 他们计划修建一座新桥。
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destruction 破坏;毁灭The flood caused widespread destruction. 洪水造成了广泛的破坏。
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obstruct 阻塞;挡住A fallen tree obstructed the road. 一棵倒下的树挡住了道路。
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structure 结构;构造The structure of the essay is clear. 这篇文章结构清晰。
词族(同一词根派生出的不同词性或形式)
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instruction 指示;说明instruct + -ion,动词变名词
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instructor 指导者;教练instruct + -or,表示做某事的人
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instructive 有教益的;启发的instruct + -ive,构成形容词
同义词
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teach 教;讲授teach 是日常通用词,指传授知识技能;instruct 更正式,强调系统指导或下达指示。He teaches history at a local high school. 他在当地一所中学教历史。
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direct 指引;指挥direct 侧重指引方向、指挥行动;instruct 侧重给出明确指示或教授具体方法。The officer directed the passengers to the nearest exit. 工作人员指引乘客前往最近的出口。
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order 命令order 语气强硬,命令必须服从;instruct 较客气,多为告知该怎么做的指示。The captain ordered everyone to leave the ship. 船长命令所有人离船。
易混词(形近或义近,注意区别)
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construct 建造;构建construct 是 con-(一起)+ struct(搭),把材料搭起来,意为「建造」;instruct 的 in- 表示「在里面」,把知识搭进头脑里,意为「指导」。The company constructs about twenty houses a year. 这家公司每年建造约二十座房屋。
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insist 坚持;主张insist 是 in-(在上)+ sist(站),站在某个立场上不放,意为「坚持」;instruct 的词根是 struct(搭),与把知识搭进头脑有关。She insisted that she had paid the bill. 她坚持说她已经付了账。
常见搭配
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instruct sb to do sth 指示某人做某事You can use the pattern "instruct sb to do sth" when giving formal directions. 在给出正式指示时,可以使用 instruct sb to do sth 这一句型。
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instruct students 指导学生Good teachers instruct students without making them feel stupid. 好老师指导学生时不会让他们觉得自己很笨。
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carefully instructed 经过细致指导的The volunteers were carefully instructed before the event. 活动开始前,志愿者们接受了细致的培训。