instruct

/ɪnˈstrʌkt/ v.
核心精讲 CET-6IELTS 词根 struct
一句话记住

指导;教授;命令;指示

释义与例句

v. 指导;教授
to teach someone a subject or skill
  1. She instructs students in English.
    她教学生英语。
  2. He instructed beginners in the basics of swimming.
    他向初学者教授游泳的基本要领。
展开其余 3 条例句
  1. The coach instructs young players every Saturday morning.
    教练每周六上午指导年轻球员。
  2. She has instructed hundreds of students in first aid over the years.
    多年来她教授了数百名学生急救知识。
  3. Who instructed you in the use of this software?
    是谁教你使用这个软件的?
v. 命令;指示
to tell someone officially what to do
  1. The judge instructed the jury.
    法官向陪审团作了指示。
  2. The officer instructed the driver to step out of the car.
    警官命令司机下车。
展开其余 3 条例句
  1. We were instructed not to open the letter before Friday.
    我们被告知在周五之前不要打开这封信。
  2. The manager instructed his staff to keep the records for five years.
    经理指示员工把记录保存五年。
  3. Visitors are instructed to leave their bags at the desk.
    参观者被要求把包寄存在服务台。

词源与构词

in-(在内)+ struere(搭),把知识一层层搭进学生头脑里就是“教授”;把要求搭进命令里就是“指示”。

in- 前缀 · in,在内
struct 词根 · to build,建造
记忆钩子 in(里)+ struct(搭):把知识搭进他脑子里,就是教。

词族与关联词

同根词(同一个词根长出来的词)
  • construct 建造;修建
    They plan to construct a new bridge. 他们计划修建一座新桥。
  • destruction 破坏;毁灭
    The flood caused widespread destruction. 洪水造成了广泛的破坏。
  • obstruct 阻塞;挡住
    A fallen tree obstructed the road. 一棵倒下的树挡住了道路。
  • structure 结构;构造
    The structure of the essay is clear. 这篇文章结构清晰。
词族(同一词根派生出的不同词性或形式)
  • instruction 指示;说明
    instruct + -ion,动词变名词
  • instructor 指导者;教练
    instruct + -or,表示做某事的人
  • instructive 有教益的;启发的
    instruct + -ive,构成形容词
同义词
  • teach 教;讲授
    teach 是日常通用词,指传授知识技能;instruct 更正式,强调系统指导或下达指示。
    He teaches history at a local high school. 他在当地一所中学教历史。
  • direct 指引;指挥
    direct 侧重指引方向、指挥行动;instruct 侧重给出明确指示或教授具体方法。
    The officer directed the passengers to the nearest exit. 工作人员指引乘客前往最近的出口。
  • order 命令
    order 语气强硬,命令必须服从;instruct 较客气,多为告知该怎么做的指示。
    The captain ordered everyone to leave the ship. 船长命令所有人离船。
易混词(形近或义近,注意区别)
  • construct 建造;构建
    construct 是 con-(一起)+ struct(搭),把材料搭起来,意为「建造」;instruct 的 in- 表示「在里面」,把知识搭进头脑里,意为「指导」。
    The company constructs about twenty houses a year. 这家公司每年建造约二十座房屋。
  • insist 坚持;主张
    insist 是 in-(在上)+ sist(站),站在某个立场上不放,意为「坚持」;instruct 的词根是 struct(搭),与把知识搭进头脑有关。
    She insisted that she had paid the bill. 她坚持说她已经付了账。
常见搭配
  • instruct sb to do sth 指示某人做某事
    You can use the pattern "instruct sb to do sth" when giving formal directions. 在给出正式指示时,可以使用 instruct sb to do sth 这一句型。
  • instruct students 指导学生
    Good teachers instruct students without making them feel stupid. 好老师指导学生时不会让他们觉得自己很笨。
  • carefully instructed 经过细致指导的
    The volunteers were carefully instructed before the event. 活动开始前,志愿者们接受了细致的培训。