abstract
/ˈæbstrækt/
adj. / n.
一句话记住
抽象的;理论上的;摘要;概要
释义与例句
adj.
抽象的;理论上的
based on general ideas rather than physical things or specific examples
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Abstract ideas are easier to understand with concrete examples.
抽象概念借助具体例子会更容易理解。
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The lecture was too abstract for most of the audience.
这场讲座对大多数听众来说太抽象了。
展开其余 3 条例句
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She prefers abstract painting to realistic portraits.
比起写实肖像,她更喜欢抽象画。
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Freedom is an abstract concept that people define differently.
自由是一个抽象概念,人们的定义各不相同。
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Students often find abstract grammar rules hard to remember.
学生常常觉得抽象的语法规则很难记住。
n.
摘要;概要
a short summary of a longer text or research paper
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Please read the abstract before the full paper.
请先读摘要,再读全文。
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The abstract summarizes the main findings in two hundred words.
摘要用两百个词概括了主要发现。
展开其余 3 条例句
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Each conference paper must include an abstract.
每篇会议论文都必须附一份摘要。
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Her abstract was accepted, but the full paper still needs revision.
她的摘要通过了,但全文还需要修改。
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I only had time to skim the abstracts of the journals.
我只来得及浏览这些期刊的摘要。
词源与构词
abs-(离开)+ tract(拉),把具体的东西拉走、只留下概念,就是“抽象的”;论文的“摘要”也是从全文中抽出的要点。
abs-
前缀 · away,离开
tract
词根 · to pull,拉
记忆钩子
abs(离开)+ tract(拉):把实物拉走,只剩概念——抽象的。
词族与关联词
同根词(同一个词根长出来的词)
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attract 吸引;招引The exhibition attracted thousands of visitors. 这个展览吸引了数千名参观者。
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attractive 有吸引力的;诱人的The city offers an attractive mix of old and new. 这座城市兼具古老与现代,很有吸引力。
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contract 合同;契约They signed a two-year contract. 他们签了一份两年的合同。
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distract 分散(注意力);使分心Don't distract the driver. 不要分散司机的注意力。
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extract 提取;拔出;摘录The dentist extracted the bad tooth. 牙医拔掉了那颗坏牙。
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protract 延长;拖延Bad weather protracted the journey by several hours. 恶劣天气使旅程延长了好几个小时。
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subtract 减去;扣除Subtract five from ten and you get five. 十减五等于五。
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traction 牵引力;抓地力The tyres lose traction on wet roads. 轮胎在湿滑路面上会失去抓地力。
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tractor 拖拉机;牵引车The farmer drove the tractor across the field at dawn. 农民在黎明时开着拖拉机穿过田野。
词族(同一词根派生出的不同词性或形式)
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abstraction 抽象;抽象概念abstract + -ion,动词或形容词变名词。
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abstractly 抽象地abstract + -ly,副词形式。
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abstracted 出神的;心不在焉的原义是“被拉走的”,心思被拉走就成了出神。
同义词
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theoretical 理论的theoretical 强调理论层面,常与实践相对;abstract 强调不具体、脱离实物。The course is too theoretical for beginners. 这门课对初学者来说太理论化了。
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conceptual 概念的conceptual 多用于学术语境,指概念层面;abstract 还可形容艺术风格。The book begins with a conceptual framework. 这本书从概念框架讲起。
反义词
易混词(形近或义近,注意区别)
常见搭配
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abstract concept 抽象概念Justice is an abstract concept that is hard to measure. 正义是一个难以衡量的抽象概念。
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abstract art 抽象艺术The gallery is famous for its collection of abstract art. 这家画廊以收藏抽象艺术作品而闻名。
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in the abstract 抽象地;理论上In the abstract, the plan sounds reasonable. 从理论上讲,这个计划听起来是合理的。