abstract

/ˈæbstrækt/ adj. / n.
一句话记住

抽象的;理论上的;摘要;概要

释义与例句

adj. 抽象的;理论上的
based on general ideas rather than physical things or specific examples
  1. Abstract ideas are easier to understand with concrete examples.
    抽象概念借助具体例子会更容易理解。
  2. The lecture was too abstract for most of the audience.
    这场讲座对大多数听众来说太抽象了。
展开其余 3 条例句
  1. She prefers abstract painting to realistic portraits.
    比起写实肖像,她更喜欢抽象画。
  2. Freedom is an abstract concept that people define differently.
    自由是一个抽象概念,人们的定义各不相同。
  3. Students often find abstract grammar rules hard to remember.
    学生常常觉得抽象的语法规则很难记住。
n. 摘要;概要
a short summary of a longer text or research paper
  1. Please read the abstract before the full paper.
    请先读摘要,再读全文。
  2. The abstract summarizes the main findings in two hundred words.
    摘要用两百个词概括了主要发现。
展开其余 3 条例句
  1. Each conference paper must include an abstract.
    每篇会议论文都必须附一份摘要。
  2. Her abstract was accepted, but the full paper still needs revision.
    她的摘要通过了,但全文还需要修改。
  3. I only had time to skim the abstracts of the journals.
    我只来得及浏览这些期刊的摘要。

词源与构词

abs-(离开)+ tract(拉),把具体的东西拉走、只留下概念,就是“抽象的”;论文的“摘要”也是从全文中抽出的要点。

abs- 前缀 · away,离开
tract 词根 · to pull,拉
记忆钩子 abs(离开)+ tract(拉):把实物拉走,只剩概念——抽象的。

词族与关联词

同根词(同一个词根长出来的词)
  • attract 吸引;招引
    The exhibition attracted thousands of visitors. 这个展览吸引了数千名参观者。
  • attractive 有吸引力的;诱人的
    The city offers an attractive mix of old and new. 这座城市兼具古老与现代,很有吸引力。
  • contract 合同;契约
    They signed a two-year contract. 他们签了一份两年的合同。
  • distract 分散(注意力);使分心
    Don't distract the driver. 不要分散司机的注意力。
  • extract 提取;拔出;摘录
    The dentist extracted the bad tooth. 牙医拔掉了那颗坏牙。
  • protract 延长;拖延
    Bad weather protracted the journey by several hours. 恶劣天气使旅程延长了好几个小时。
  • subtract 减去;扣除
    Subtract five from ten and you get five. 十减五等于五。
  • traction 牵引力;抓地力
    The tyres lose traction on wet roads. 轮胎在湿滑路面上会失去抓地力。
  • tractor 拖拉机;牵引车
    The farmer drove the tractor across the field at dawn. 农民在黎明时开着拖拉机穿过田野。
词族(同一词根派生出的不同词性或形式)
  • abstraction 抽象;抽象概念
    abstract + -ion,动词或形容词变名词。
  • abstractly 抽象地
    abstract + -ly,副词形式。
  • abstracted 出神的;心不在焉的
    原义是“被拉走的”,心思被拉走就成了出神。
同义词
  • theoretical 理论的
    theoretical 强调理论层面,常与实践相对;abstract 强调不具体、脱离实物。
    The course is too theoretical for beginners. 这门课对初学者来说太理论化了。
  • conceptual 概念的
    conceptual 多用于学术语境,指概念层面;abstract 还可形容艺术风格。
    The book begins with a conceptual framework. 这本书从概念框架讲起。
反义词
  • concrete 具体的
    The teacher gave a concrete example to explain the rule. 老师举了一个具体例子来解释这条规则。
  • specific 明确的;具体的
    We need specific figures, not general impressions. 我们需要具体数字,而不是笼统的印象。
易混词(形近或义近,注意区别)
  • attract 吸引
    abs-(离开)与 at-(朝向)方向相反:abstract 把实物拉走只剩概念,attract 把对象拉向自己。
    The new museum attracts thousands of visitors every year. 新博物馆每年吸引成千上万的参观者。
  • contract 合同;收缩
    contract 是 con-(一起)+ tract(拉),拉到一起签成合同;abstract 是 abs-(离开)+ tract。
    Both sides signed the contract last Friday. 双方上周五签了合同。
常见搭配
  • abstract concept 抽象概念
    Justice is an abstract concept that is hard to measure. 正义是一个难以衡量的抽象概念。
  • abstract art 抽象艺术
    The gallery is famous for its collection of abstract art. 这家画廊以收藏抽象艺术作品而闻名。
  • in the abstract 抽象地;理论上
    In the abstract, the plan sounds reasonable. 从理论上讲,这个计划听起来是合理的。