harden

/ˈhɑːdn/ v.
标准词条 CET-4
一句话记住

（使）变硬，（使）变硬固；（使）更坚强；（使态度）变强硬

释义与例句

v. （使）变硬，（使）变硬固
to become firm and stiff, or to make something firm and stiff
  1. The glue hardens in about an hour.
    这种胶水大约一小时后变硬。
  2. Boiled eggs harden as they cool.
    煮蛋冷却后会变硬。
展开其余 1 条例句
  1. Clay hardens when it is baked in a fire.
    黏土在火中烘烤后会变硬。
v. （使）更坚强；（使态度）变强硬
to become stronger and more determined, or to make somebody's character or attitude stronger and less gentle
  1. Years of hard work in the mountains hardened the boy.
    常年在山里艰苦劳作使这个男孩变得坚强。
  2. Her attitude hardened when she heard their excuses.
    听了他们的借口，她的态度变得强硬起来。
展开其余 1 条例句
  1. Repeated setbacks hardened her will instead of breaking it.
    一次次挫折没有击垮她，反而使她的意志更坚强。

词源与构词

记忆钩子 hard（硬的）+ -en（使…）→（使）变硬，引申为使坚强、使态度变强硬，构词同 soften、weaken。

词族与关联词

词族（同一词根派生出的不同词性或形式）
  • hardness 坚硬；硬度
    名词，指坚硬这一性质。
  • hardened 变硬的；老练的
    过去分词作形容词，如 a hardened criminal（惯犯）。
同义词
  • stiffen 变硬挺；变僵硬
    harden 泛指物体变坚硬或人变坚强；stiffen 强调变得僵硬、不易弯曲，如身体冻得 stiffen；形容意志坚强时用 harden，不用 stiffen。
    The collar stiffens after the shirt is starched. 衬衫上浆后领子会变硬挺。
反义词
  • soften 变软；软化；缓和
    harden 与 soften 是一对反义动词：The ground hardened in the sun 对 The ice cream softened in the sun；指态度时 harden 是变强硬，soften 是变缓和。
    Butter softens quickly in a warm room. 黄油在暖和的房间里很快变软。
常见搭配
  • harden into 变硬成为；凝固成
    The mud will harden into a crust in the sun. 泥浆在阳光下会变硬，结成一层壳。
  • harden your heart 硬起心肠；无动于衷
    After the quarrel, he hardened his heart and refused to speak to her. 争吵之后，他硬起心肠，不肯和她说话。