vertical
/ˈvɜːtɪkl/
adj.
标准词条
CET-4
一句话记住
垂直的;竖直的;纵向的;按层级的
释义与例句
adj.
垂直的;竖直的
pointing straight up or down, at an angle of 90 degrees to the ground
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The climbers faced a vertical wall of rock.
攀登者面对的是一面垂直的岩壁。
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Draw a vertical line down the middle of the page.
在页面中间画一条竖线。
展开其余 1 条例句
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The building's vertical windows let in plenty of morning light.
这栋建筑的竖向窗户让大量晨光透进来。
adj.
纵向的;按层级的
relating to a structure in which people or parts are arranged at different levels
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The company has a vertical structure with clear levels of responsibility.
这家公司采用纵向结构,各级职责分明。
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Vertical communication between managers and staff is often slower than informal talk.
管理层与员工之间的纵向沟通往往比非正式交流慢。
展开其余 1 条例句
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The report examines both vertical and horizontal relationships within the team.
这份报告考察了团队内部的纵向和横向关系。
词源与构词
记忆钩子
vertical 是“竖直的”,与 horizontal(水平的)相对;图表里 vertical axis 是纵轴,horizontal axis 是横轴。
词族与关联词
词族(同一词根派生出的不同词性或形式)
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vertically 垂直地;竖直地vertically 是副词,修饰动作,如 hang vertically;vertical 是形容词。
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verticality 垂直性verticality 是较少用的名词,指垂直的状态或特征,多见于建筑与艺术评论。
同义词
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upright 直立的;竖直的upright 强调物体直立、不歪斜,常形容摆放状态;vertical 更像几何术语,强调与地面成直角的方向。The books stood upright on the shelf. 书直立着摆在书架上。
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perpendicular 垂直的;成直角的perpendicular 多用于几何,强调两线成 90 度;vertical 只强调与地面垂直的方向,常与 horizontal 对照。The two lines are perpendicular to each other. 这两条线互相垂直。
反义词
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horizontal 水平的;横的vertical 指竖直方向,horizontal 指水平方向,二者是方向上的对立概念;描述图表时,纵轴是 vertical axis,横轴是 horizontal axis。The shelf is fixed in a horizontal position above the desk. 隔板水平固定在书桌上方。
常见搭配
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vertical line 竖线;垂直线The designer used a thin vertical line to separate the two columns. 设计师用一条细竖线把两栏分开。
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vertical axis 纵轴In the graph, price is shown on the vertical axis. 图中价格标在纵轴上。
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vertical surface 竖直的表面Rain runs down a vertical surface much faster than across a flat roof. 雨水顺着竖直表面流下,比在平屋顶上流动快得多。