surplus

/ˈsɜːpləs/ n. / adj.
标准词条 CET-4
一句话记住

过剩；盈余；顺差；过剩的；多余的

释义与例句

n. 过剩；盈余；顺差
an amount that is more than what is needed or used; an amount by which income is greater than spending
  1. The farm produced a surplus of wheat this year.
    今年农场的小麦产量过剩。
  2. The country had a trade surplus of ten billion dollars.
    该国贸易顺差达一百亿美元。
展开其余 1 条例句
  1. Any surplus will be donated to charity.
    所有盈余将捐给慈善机构。
adj. 过剩的；多余的
more than what is needed or used; extra
  1. They sold the surplus equipment at a low price.
    他们低价出售了多余的设备。
  2. Surplus food was distributed to the poor.
    剩余的食物被分发给穷人。
展开其余 1 条例句
  1. The store sold off its surplus stock before closing.
    商店关门前把库存余货处理掉了。

词源与构词

记忆钩子 sur-（超过）+ plus（加）= 加得超过了需要，即“过剩、盈余”。

词族与关联词

词族（同一词根派生出的不同词性或形式）
  • surplusage 过剩；多余的量
    surplus 的名词变体，较少使用，指过剩的部分。
同义词
  • excess 过剩；超过
    excess 强调超过合理数量；surplus 更常用于经济、贸易、物资等正式语境。
    You should avoid eating food in excess. 你应该避免过量进食。
反义词
  • deficit 赤字；不足
    deficit 指支出超过收入或数量不足，与 surplus 的盈余、过剩相反。
    The government is trying to reduce the budget deficit. 政府正努力减少预算赤字。
常见搭配
  • trade surplus 贸易顺差
    The country has enjoyed a large trade surplus for years. 该国多年来一直有大量贸易顺差。
  • surplus value 剩余价值
    Marx wrote about the concept of surplus value. 马克思论述了剩余价值的概念。
  • budget surplus 预算盈余
    The city reported a budget surplus this year. 该市今年报告了预算盈余。