scratch

/skrætʃ/ v. / n.
标准词条 CET-4
一句话记住

抓；搔；刮；划掉；划痕；抓痕；抓伤

释义与例句

v. 抓；搔；刮；划掉
to rub your skin with your nails; to make a mark on a surface with something sharp; to cancel something by drawing a line through it
  1. The cat scratched me when I tried to pick it up.
    我想抱起那只猫时，它抓了我一下。
  2. She scratched her name on the wooden bench with a knife.
    她用刀把名字刻在木凳上。
展开其余 1 条例句
  1. The referee scratched the race from the schedule due to bad weather.
    由于天气不好，裁判把比赛从日程中取消了。
n. 划痕；抓痕；抓伤
a thin mark or cut made on a surface by something sharp; an injury caused by scratching
  1. There was a deep scratch on the door where the dog had jumped up.
    门上有一道很深的划痕，是狗跳起来时留下的。
  2. She only had a few scratches after falling off her bicycle.
    她从自行车上摔下来后只有几处擦伤。
展开其余 1 条例句
  1. The new table had a scratch on the surface when it arrived.
    新桌子送来时表面就有一道划痕。

词源与构词

记忆钩子 scratch 作动词“抓、搔”，作名词“划痕”；from scratch 是“从零开始”，scratch the surface 是“浅尝辄止”。

词族与关联词

词族（同一词根派生出的不同词性或形式）
  • scratchy 粗糙的；扎人的；沙沙作响的
    scratch 的形容词形式。
易混词（形近或义近，注意区别）
  • screech 尖叫；发出刺耳声
    scratch 是“抓、搔、划痕”；screech 是“尖叫、发出刺耳声”，既可作动词也可作名词。两者拼写相近但含义不同。
    The car's brakes screeched as it came to a sudden stop. 汽车突然停下时刹车发出刺耳的声音。
常见搭配
  • scratch one's head 挠头；苦思冥想
    The students scratched their heads, trying to solve the difficult puzzle. 学生们挠着头，努力解开这道难题。
  • from scratch 从头开始；从零开始
    She built her business from scratch in just five years. 她仅用五年时间就从零开始创办了自己的企业。
  • scratch the surface 触及表面；浅尝辄止
    This report only scratches the surface of the problem. 这份报告只触及了问题的表面。