breakdown

/ˈbreɪkdaʊn/ n.
标准词条 CET-4CET-6IELTS
一句话记住

故障；破裂；失败；精神崩溃

释义与例句

n. 故障；破裂；失败；精神崩溃
a failure of a machine, system, relationship or communication, or a period of severe mental distress
  1. Our car had a breakdown on the motorway.
    我们的汽车在高速公路上出了故障。
  2. The breakdown of the negotiations disappointed both sides.
    谈判破裂令双方都很失望。
展开其余 1 条例句
  1. He suffered a nervous breakdown after months of intense pressure.
    经过数月的巨大压力后，他精神崩溃了。

词源与构词

由动词短语 break down 名词化而来，字面义为“分解、垮掉”，后形成故障、破裂和崩溃等含义。

记忆钩子 动词短语写 break down，名词写 breakdown：The talks broke down，所以有了 a breakdown of the talks。

词族与关联词

同义词
  • collapse 崩溃；瓦解
    collapse 强调系统、组织或结构突然或彻底垮掉；breakdown 可指机器故障、沟通中断、谈判失败或精神崩溃，适用范围更具体。
    Poor communication contributed to the collapse of the partnership. 沟通不畅促成了合作关系的瓦解。
易混词（形近或义近，注意区别）
  • breakup 分手；解体
    breakup 常指恋爱或婚姻关系结束、组织解体；breakdown 强调关系或沟通无法正常运作，也可指机械故障和精神崩溃。
    The breakup of their marriage was widely reported. 他们婚姻破裂一事被广泛报道。
常见搭配
  • nervous breakdown 精神崩溃
    She took extended leave after suffering a nervous breakdown. 精神崩溃后，她休了很长时间的假。
  • breakdown in communication 沟通中断；沟通失灵
    A breakdown in communication delayed the emergency response. 沟通失灵延误了应急响应。
  • mechanical breakdown 机械故障
    The insurance covers the cost of a mechanical breakdown. 这份保险涵盖机械故障产生的费用。